What does a land surveyor do?
You can consult a land surveyor for various matters. Indeed, we do much more than just “measuring land,” as the word land surveyor might suggest.
For instance, a land surveyor provides ideal technical assistance on construction sites, in boundary disputes, and various real estate matters.
Furthermore, over the years, the land surveyor has evolved from a geometric expert using a total station as a tool to a high-tech geometrician through the use of technology such as drones and 3D laser scanning.
We clarify this below and provide a brief overview of their tasks.
The traditional land surveyor
This professional is primarily active in legal-geometric files such as boundary determinations, wall takeovers, and expert assessments.
We explain a few of these below.
Surveying and demarcating building plots or other parcels.
The survey of a parcel often involves the demarcation of the parcel with boundary posts. Legally, no one other than a sworn land surveyor-expert is permitted to demarcate a parcel. Such demarcation usually occurs amicably based on legally available plans. For example, when two neighbors have a boundary that is no longer certain or visible, they jointly appoint a land surveyor—sharing the costs—to redetermine the boundary as a neutral party.
The land surveyor also draws up a plan, namely a Minutes of Demarcation (PV van Afpaling), which is signed by the parties involved. This must then be registered in accordance with the PRECAD decree so that the resulting boundary can no longer be questioned. If an amicable solution is not possible, demarcation can be enforced through the justice of the peace.
Valuations and appraisals
As a sworn appraiser, the land surveyor is the ideal person for the valuation of real estate and immovable property. In this capacity, they serve as an independent technical expert.
In this role, the land surveyor performs appraisals for divisions (divorce, inheritance), mortgage loans, gifts, expropriations, or the sale or purchase of real estate.
Few prospective buyers of real estate engage a land surveyor for an expert assessment or appraisal. However, doing so can save a lot of trouble or disputes later on. With an appraisal, you have a clear view of the correct price of the property; with an expert assessment, you know which technical defects exist and what legal or urban planning objections there might be.
Permits, certificates, and subdivision applications
Given their technical nature, the land surveyor can also assist during a subdivision application or the application for an urban planning certificate. This ranges from the survey to the compilation of the file, as this is a subject extensively covered during their training.
Wall takeover
In the case of a wall takeover, the land surveyor measures the wall and calculates the correct value of the part to be taken over. They then draw up a document with precise details regarding the shared ownership (price, materials, volume, depreciation, etc.) that legally proves the purchase of the shared wall.
This constitutes a Minutes of Wall Takeover (PV van Muurovername).
This document can also be registered to comply with PRECAD requirements.
Condition report
In this case, the land surveyor accurately and fully records the state of a property. Materials and defects are carefully described. A detailed condition report is mandatory at the start of a lease agreement, but it can also be useful when construction is taking place on an adjacent plot or during large-scale roadworks. This way, it can be conclusively proven later that any damage to the home is a result of the works.
Condition reports are also increasingly being drawn up after signing a sales agreement (compromis) to prevent disputes at the time of the deed: was the solar boiler or the refrigerator included in the sale or not?
The modern land surveyor
This professional is well-versed in contemporary technology and knows better than anyone how to deploy specific software, drones, and laser scanning to obtain geometric data in the most efficient and accurate way possible.
In addition to using this technology for the matters mentioned above, a whole new range of possibilities and tasks for the land surveyor is emerging.
Clash detection
Based on 3D laser scan data, the land surveyor can, for example, test a BIM model against the existing condition of an industrial site.
This is often applied within the piping or HVAC industry.
Monitoring
This involves measuring and checking specific small settlements or displacements of engineering structures, objects, or buildings.
Monitoring can be approached in various ways, depending on the situation, duration, and required accuracy. For instance, we can use total stations and laser scanners with very high precision. Sensors or leveling works also fall under this category. Generally, we distinguish between:
- Leveling: Monitoring deformations in Z-value (height) using a leveling instrument with an accuracy of a few millimeters. This occurs, for example, when drainage works are performed and it must be checked whether a certain residential area is sinking due to the influence of groundwater.
- Total station measurements: Checking specific fixed points to the millimeter that have been established in advance, for example, at the start of construction activities in the vicinity or for monitoring old buildings with stability problems.
- Use of sensors: Using internal technology, we can monitor permanent minute displacements down to the sub-millimeter level.
Photogrammetry
Finally, we have photogrammetry, an increasingly used technology.
Although it is slightly less accurate than laser scanning, it certainly has its value. For example, drones are often used to survey larger areas, which results in enormous time savings and is often safer.
Based on an overlap between different photos, a point cloud or mesh can be created from which distances or volumes can easily be determined.
In short, the contemporary land surveyor has a broad knowledge of the possibilities and knows in advance, at the start of an assignment, which technology is best to deploy.
Vanden Avenne Guillaume
Court expert and drone pilot class 1A
Sworn land surveyor-expert with LAN171743 for the Court of First Instance in Ghent.